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Undocumented youth live within the United States without legal citizenship status. Brought by their parents, undocumented youth enter the United States illegally. An estimated 1.1 million undocumented minors resided in the U.S. as of 2010. Undocumented youth make up sixteen percent of the undocumented population as a whole. As children, youth are granted access to public K-12 education and benefits regardless of citizenship status. After navigating through primary education, undocumented youth transition into an adulthood that does not grant them those provisions. Without need to prove their legality within the country until they come of age, undocumented youth can live their childhood years without knowing that they do not have a legal status. Undocumented youth experience a period of adapting to a new identity ("illegal") that is stigmatized and unexpected. Coming of age, undocumented youth become negatively distinguished from their peers without the ability to legally work, obtain a driver's license, or participate in secondary education. These limitations with regards to citizenship provide obstacles to the youth's civic engagement. The social and identity process of transitioning into adulthood for undocumented youth has been described by Roberto Gonzales as learning to be illegal. == Education access == Public schooling allows undocumented youth to assimilate into society.〔 Graduation for these youth serves as a traumatic change in status and identity from student to "illegal alien" and "illegal worker." This "state of shock" causes depressed motivation and financial anxiety causing youth to drop out of high school. 40 percent of undocumented adults ages 18–24 do not complete high school. Of those that complete high school, only 49 percent attend college. Many youths reported a feeling of falling through the cracks, instances where they were not able to get assistance from their educational institutions.〔 The inability to receive federal and state student financial aid, as well as low family incomes, limits access for undocumented youth to attend post secondary schooling.〔Greenman, Emily, and Matthew Hall. "Legal Status And Educational Transitions For Mexican And Central American Immigrant Youth." Social Forces 91.4 (2013): 1475-1498. ERIC. Web. 5 Oct. 2013.〕 In 2006, Hispanic youth had the lowest educational attainment out of any ethnic or racial group.〔Kaushal, Neeraj. "In-State Tuition For The Undocumented: Education Effects On Mexican Young Adults." Journal Of Policy Analysis & Management 27.4 (2008): 771-792. Business Source Complete. Web. 11 Dec. 2013.〕 Parents can often not provide financial assistance and immigrant youths carry financial burden within their households.〔 Access to a college education can help improve the status of undocumented youth. Graduating college allows youth to improve labor market skills and makes them eligible for jobs where employers might potentially sponsor a temporary legal visa. A college education also increases youth marriageability increasing the chances for youth to marry a legal citizen and obtain legal status through familial relationship. 〔 The majority of undocumented children are growing up with legal access to public education but face legal barriers to higher education (Abrego, 2006). Abrego interviewed a girl named Alisa who came to the United States at the age of five from Guatemala; she encountered the difficulties of higher education. She was a student who excelled academically in high school and was admitted to the University of California. Alisa became disheartened due to her status and was unable to be given financial aid. Some researchers explain that undocumented children face an economic barrier when pursuing a higher education and find that because of this they are unable to attend a University (Abrego; Shields and Behrman, 2004; Gonzales, 2011; Crosnoe and Turley, 2011). Due to this, The Dream Act was proposed to the Senate and the House of Representatives and was only 13 states that include California, Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin passed their state laws. These states allow undocumented children to pay in-state tuition based on their attendance and graduation from a state high school (Schmid 2013). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Undocumented youth in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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